Symptoms of Head & Neck Cancer

Symptoms of   Head & Neck Cancers

Head and Neck Cancer Treatment in India

Head & neck cancers can occur inside the mouth (oral cavity), in the salivary glands  in the sinuses
and nasal cavity, in the larynx (voice box), and in the airway leading from behind the nose and
mouth to the top of the esophagus (the pipe through which food travels to the stomach).

Symptoms of Head Neck Cancer Treatment in India vary, depending on the location of thecancer, but they may include:

 A sore in the mouth that bleeds or doesn’t heal

Red or white patches inside the mouth that don’t clear up 

1. A lump or swelling in the neck, 
2. A sore throat, or hoarseness that doesn’t go away
3. Pain in the ears, neck, throat, jaws, or tongue
4. Nosebleeds, repeated sinus infections, or nasal
5. congestion that won’t clear up despite treatment
6. Blood in mucus that is coughed up
7. Trouble chewing or swallowing
8. Loose teeth, or dentures that suddenly don’t fit well
9. Numbness in the head & neck area
10. Sores or changes in the appearance of moles on your head and neck. Best Head Neck Cancer Treatment in India.

Who’s at Greatest Risk for
Head & Neck Cancer?

1. •                    People who drink heavily.
2. •

1. People who use tobacco (smoked or chewed). Risk is greatly
2. multiplied in people who use tobacco and drink heavily.
3. •
4. People treated previously for head & neck cancer.
5. •
6. People infected with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), a very
7. common sexually transmitted disease that often does not
8. produce symptoms. HPV has been linked to rising numbers of
9. head & neck cancers. Often the infection is passed on during
10. oral sex. Head Neck Cancer Treatment in India                

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Cancer Treatment in India

Lifestyle and Cancer

Cancer by Choice

Dr Kundan Singh Chufal Senior Consultant Oncology Batra Hospital, New Delhi

Understanding Cancer

Cancer is a large group of diseases (over 200) characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.

1.    Cancer cells:

Lose control over growth and multiplication

Do not self-destruct when they become worn out or damaged

Crowd out healthy cells

Early Warning Signs of Cancer

·         C - Change in bowel or bladder habits

·         A - A sore throat that does not heal

·         U - Unusual bleeding or discharge

·         T - Thickening or lump

·         I - Indigestion or difficulty swallowing

·         O - Obvious change in wart or mole

·         N - Nagging cough or hoarseness

What Causes Cancer??

·         Lifestyle

·         Environment

·         Inherited (<15%)

AICR Global Report Recommendations

·    . Be as lean as possible without becoming underweight.

·    2. Be physically active for at least 30 minutes every day.

·    3. Avoid sugary drinks. Limit consumption of energy-dense foods. à due to correlation with obesity

·    4. Eat more of a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and legumes such as beans.

·    5. Limit consumption of red meats (such as beef, pork and lamb) and avoid processed meats. à 11 – 18 oz. per week max

·    . If consumed at all, limit alcoholic drinks to 2 for men and 1 for women a day. à 12 oz. beer, 5 Oz wine, 1.5 Oz spirits

·    7. Limit consumption of salty foods and foods processed with salt (sodium).à stomach cancer (also moldy foods due to liver cancer in developing countries)

·    8. Don’t use supplements to protect against cancer.

·    9. It is best for mothers to breastfeed exclusively for up to 6 months and then add other liquids and foods. à reduce breast cancer in mom and obesity in child

·    10. After treatment, cancer survivors should follow the recommendations for cancer prevention

West ————— India

 Watch Your Weight

·         Research shows that fat cells can act as "hormone pumps," secreting hormones and other growth factors into the bloodstream.

·         If the body's cells are exposed to very high levels of these substances over an extended period, they tend to reproduce more quickly à ? Increase cancer cell growth.

·         Researchers stress that this potentially dangerous condition is reversible!

Physical Activity

·         New Guidelines

·            Minimum 150 min moderate, or 75 min vigorous to reduce risk of chronic disease

·         Ideally aim for more – and necessary if weight loss and maintenance of loss is the goal – 300 min of moderate or 150 minutes of vigorous.

·         Physical activity linked to lower risk of breast, prostate and colorectal cancer

Beyond weight control, fruits and vegetables may exert a protective effect:

Phytonutrients: Prevention in a Plant

·         How do they work?

·         Stimulate enzymes that help the body detoxify

·         Reduce the genetic damage from cancer causing agents

·         May interfere with growth and multiplication of cancer cells

·         Decrease inflammation

If It Stains Your Shirt…

If a fruit or vegetable has a strong smell or taste, it’s probablybiomedically active If it stains your shirt, it’s definitely biomedically active!

Antioxidants

Vitamin A, C, E, Selenium, phytonutrients from plants

Help prevent damage to cells from the attack of free radicals

“But I take antioxidant supplements in pill form, so I’m getting all the antioxidant benefits that way, right?”

Food First …….

Phytonutrients work together to provide a synergistic benefit

Sugar and Cancer – It’s not that simple…..

·         Sugar does not FEED cancer ·         Chronic, excess intake of simple sugar leads to excess production of hormones like insulin, IGF that encourage cellular growth

Insulin and Cancer

·           Excess insulin can promote tumor cell growth

·           Behaviors that increase insulin levels

o    Consumption of refined sugar and flour

o    Overeating

o    Weight gain

o    Sedentary lifestyle

o    Behaviour that reduces insulin levels

o    Physical activity, weight loss, unrefined carbs

o    Lower fasting insulin level at time of Breast cancer   diagnosis is associated with improved survival. 

Mulligan et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007 Jan 13

Donut vs Orange: It is not necessary to avoid fruit!

·         10 grams sugar ·         0 grams fiber ·         0 phytonutrients

·         62 calories ·         12 grams’ sugar ·         3 grams’ fiber ·         170 phytonutrients

Another reason to mute post-prandial glucose/insulin response!

·         Include fat, protein and fiber with carbohydrates

o   Process sugar more slowly

o   Less insulin released

·         Glycaemic Index: number representing insulin response by body to a particular food

Summary

·         Sugar does “feed” cancer cells – but no differently than it “feeds” the rest of the body’s cells

·         Choose healthier carbohydrate foods

o   Unprocessed/minimally processed

o   Fruits, Vegetables, whole grains

·         Combine foods at meals and

§  snacks

o   Fat and/or protein with

§  carbohydrates

Dietary Fat and Cancer

·         Issue has been raised in colorectal, Breast, pancreatic, prostate cancer, and possibly others

·         AICR Global found no “probable or convincing” connection between cancer and total fat intake (only “limited/suggestive” with post-menopausal breast cancer and lung cancer à weak)

·         Concern in primarily with saturated fat, but it’s hard to tease out what’s a dietary fat effect, calorie effect, affect on weight influence, tied to the source of fat (i.e. high intakes of red and processed meats). 

§  Bottom Line: Encourage Mono’s and Omega 3’s; limit

§  Saturatedand trans fats; portion control

Healthy Eating Plate

·      Aim for ½ plate of plants (preferably vegetables) at lunch and dinner ·      ¼ of plate as lean protein ·      ¼ of plate of complex carbohydrate

Dietary Supplements That May Help Cancer Survivors

·           Vitamin D ·           Omega-3’s ·           Probiotics and calcium (based on individual circumstances)

24,000 Dietary Supplements marketed to Cancer Survivors!

Vitamin D and Cancer
	·         Inverse relationship between Vitamin D and several types of cancer o   Possible anti-angiogenesis and helps keep cell replication normal ·         Goal of serum 25(OH) vitamin D level is > 40 ng/ml. ·         Supplementation is likely necessary. o   1000 IU/day is safe for most people; many need more.
Intake/Exposure ·         Sun Exposure (arms/legs 10-15 min) ·         Fortified Multi-vitamin ·         Fortified Milk ·         3.5oz salmon (fresh, wild) ·         3.5oz salmon (fresh, farmed)	Amount of Vitamin D ▪  3000 – 20,000 IU ▪  400 IU ▪  100 IU ▪  600-1000 IU ▪  100-250 IU

·             Link first hypothesized in 1980s

o   Rate of colon cancer 3x higher in New York than New Mexico

o   Lower exposure to natural light in large cities and areas at higher latitude

o   Research has been mostly observational, few clinical trials

o   “…Vitamin D levels in the blood vary by race, with the season, and possibly with the activity of genes whose products are involved in vitamin D transport and metabolism. These variations complicate the interpretation of studies that measure the concentration of vitamin D in serum at a single point in time.” - OCCAM

Alcohol

Limit alcohol intake < 1 drink/day for women < 2 drinks/day for men Women who consume 1 drink or more/day have an increased risk of breast cancer (10-40% increased risk) Adequate folate intake (400mcg/d) may reduce the increased risk of breast cancer Treatment In India associated with alcohol use

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Cancer awareness

Cancer Treatment in India

The word cancer has not just risen in the public consciousness recently as a disease synonymous with fatality, but also in the medical community as a formidable challenge. In its myriad forms, cancer

affects almost every part of the human body, but perhaps more importantly it

    preys on the hearts of patients and their families, leaving them broken. The media has been doing its part in informing the general public about research discoveries, facts and figures related to the natural history of this disease, and it has been correctly labelled as a modern epidemic. Figures show that in the United States, cancer-related deaths have been reduced since investigations are carried out more often and patients-at- risk have the opportunity to discover this illness in an early stage of development. However, developing countries like ours face more deaths than ever before. Due to lack of awareness, disparities in health- care infrastructure and the lack of a structured cancer screening program, patients in our country often reach a doctor when the disease is in an advanced stage.

Best Cancer Treatment in India

     The direct impact is that their chances of survival and successful Cancer Treatment in India are much lower than those of other peopleliving in more developed countries. It has been estimated that by the year 2030,

there will be approximately 11 million cancer-related deaths every year with more than half occurring in developing nations.

   Such a situation can be demotivating and an impediment to combating this disease. But there are thousands of medical professionals today who have dedicated their lives to fighting this disease, and

great strides have been made through their concerted efforts. Furthermore, a simple and effective means of ensuring that the odds are in our favor is being cancer aware.

Breast Cancer Treatment in India awareness has a primary objective of saving lives by increasing awareness of

the disease. Awareness functions as an outreach program to help those diagnosed with breast cancer as well as educating everyone on the importance of early detection through regular self examination and

health check ups.

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     It also encompasses fund raising to support research and to help individuals cope with the life- altering impact of a cancer diagnosis in oneself, a family member or friend.

Breast cancer is the prototype of the cancer awareness campaign. The pink ribbon has been around for 26 years now and is now synonymous with a successful cancer awareness campaign. With educational programs, women can learn how to perform self breast examination, discuss the role of mammography with their doctor and learn more about their lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.

Cancer Treatment in India

      The results of breast cancer awareness programs in the US have reduced mortality

at every stage of breast cancer and today advanced breast cancer is seen less frequently than early breast cancer. With rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles, breast cancer is already the

most common type of cancer amongst women in the metropolitan cities of India.

Early detection and specialized care by a multi-disciplinary oncology team is the key factor in reducing the mortality associated with breast cancer. Modern treatment facilities which utilize the latest treatment protocols ensure that even advanced stage breast cancer can be cured with a

high probability.

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Lung cancer Treatment in India  is the most common type of cancer affecting men and women overall. Cancer awareness programs for lung cancer focus mostly on prevention of smoking, as it is the strongest associated risk factor. Such efforts have culminated in bans on smoking in public places,

placement of warning signs on cigarette packs and restrictions on depiction of smoking in movies/television. Screening for lung cancer is possible for high risk individuals with Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the chest. Advances in treatment have now led to better outcomes than a decade ago. Surgery, Radiotherapy and chemotherapy in concert have resulted in reduced side

effects and improved treatment results in all stages of lung cancer.

Cancer of the cervix is the most common malignancy affecting women in rural or semi-urban populations of India. Screening

for Cervical Cancer  Treatment in India begins with regular papanicolau (PAP) smears in all sexuallyactive women, which is a non-invasive test. Since more than 95% of cervical cancer is caused by a virus known as the

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), vaccination against this virus can prevent the development of cancer. Administration of this vaccine before the onset of sexual activity can prevent the development of cervical cancer. However, more effort is needed in providing this information to those most in need of it, namely the financially disadvantaged section of our society.

Radiotherapy forms the foundation of successful treatment in patients with cervical cancer. In selected cases, surgery and chemotherapy may also be utilized. Treatment results have steadily improved

and severity of side effectshave reduced dramatically over the last decade.

head and neck cancer as is a heterogenous group of cancers which most commonly affect the lining of the mouth, nose, throat and voice box, besides other sites. In India, its one of the most common cancers among men. Similar to lung cancer, this type of cancer is very common in those who consume tobacco (in any form). Cancer of the head and neck is notorious for causing dysfunction of everyday activities like eating, breathing &amp; speaking. Unfortunately many patients and general physicians ignore these symptoms as conditions like common cold or sore throat also have similar symptoms. Additionally, no effective screening method exists for early detection.

Cancer Treatment in India

Surgery and radiotherapy are the two treatment modalities which have the highest cure rates in head &amp; neck cancers. Used alone or in combination, these modalities can achieve cure in a high proportion of patients. Newer techniques of radiotherapy have allowed radiation oncologists to target this type of cancer with millimeter accuracy, thereby reducing patient discomfort during and after completion of treatment. Chemotherapy is also used in selected cases as an adjunct to radiotherapy.

An important component of cancer awareness is the promotion of research into better treatments and eventuallyeradication. Without insight into the behavior of this disease, the way it subverts normal processes to its advantage and its vulnerabilities, a cure is not possible. Thousands of scientists and

researchers are actively investigating newer treatments and the future appears promising. Several non-profit organizations in India also offer patient support services by providing financial support to needy

patients, as well as counseling sessions for families.

Undoubtedly, cancer is the scourge of modern times and the treatment protocols of today and tomorrow will benefit all those affected. Till the time that we can conquer this disease definitively, its better to be cancer aware than to be caught unawares by it.

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